Even a short outage can cause data loss on servers, production stops in automation systems and faults in sensitive equipment. A UPS sits between the grid and the load and supplies power from its batteries the moment the grid fails, keeping the load running.
A regulator stabilizes voltage but cannot supply power during an outage; a UPS protects against outages. ONS Enerji evaluates your UPS requirement with you based on load power, phase configuration and required backup time.
How does it work?
A UPS consists of a rectifier/charger that charges the batteries from the grid, a battery bank, and an inverter that converts the battery’s DC voltage into the AC voltage the load uses. A control board monitors the grid continuously.
While the grid is normal the load is supplied and the batteries are kept charged. When the grid fails or voltage leaves its limits, the load continues to run from the batteries through the inverter. How long an outage can be bridged (backup time) depends on battery capacity and load power.
Key features
Applications
- Server rooms, data and communication infrastructure
- Automation, PLC and control panels
- Laboratory and measurement equipment
- Medical devices (subject to relevant safety requirements)
- Security, camera and alarm systems
- Critical processes where an outage means lost production
Technical selection parameters
| Parameter | Options / typical range |
|---|---|
| Phase configuration | Single-phase (1P/1P) or three-phase (3P/1P, 3P/3P) |
| Power | Sized to the load (VA – kVA) |
| Backup time | Depends on battery capacity and load power; defined per requirement |
| Transfer to battery | Depends on UPS type; seamless in some types, millisecond range in others |
| Battery | Type and capacity selected per project |
| Bypass | Automatic and/or maintenance bypass depending on design |
| Protection functions | Overload, short circuit, battery deep discharge, over-temperature |
| Cooling | Fan-assisted (depending on power and environment) |
This table shows general characteristics of the technology and the parameters defined at order. Exact values are confirmed per project and in the datasheet.
How to choose the right unit
- Determine the total power (kW/kVA) of the loads that must run during an outage; size for critical loads only, not the whole facility.
- Define how long the load must keep running during an outage (backup time); battery capacity is selected accordingly.
- State input and output phase configuration (single/three-phase) and voltage values.
- If the grid also has constant voltage fluctuation, consider a regulator together with the UPS.
Frequently Asked Questions
01What is the difference between a UPS and a voltage regulator?
A regulator stabilizes output voltage when the mains fluctuates, but cannot supply power during an outage. A UPS supplies the load from batteries when power fails. If the grid has both fluctuation and outages, the two can be used together.
02How do I size a UPS?
Add up the power of the critical loads that must run during an outage, convert watts to VA using the power factor and add some headroom. Our kVA calculator gives a first estimate; the final choice is made together with the required backup time.
03How long does a UPS supply power during an outage?
It depends on battery capacity and the power of the connected load; there is no fixed value. Once you state the required time, battery capacity is selected accordingly.
04Can a UPS replace a generator?
Generally no. A UPS bridges an outage for as long as its batteries last; a generator is used to supply loads during long outages. Used together, the UPS covers the gap seamlessly until the generator takes over.